Evidence-Based Policing Matrix

Home › Evidence-Based Policing › The Matrix

The Matrix (updated to 2020)

jpg-matrix

*** INDIVIDUALS - TOP

Individuals - Ridgeway et al. (2011)

Individuals - Brame et al. (2015)

Individuals - Spergel et al. (2002)

Individuals - Davis & Medina-Ariza (2001)

*** INDIVIDUALS - BELOW LINE/FOCUSED CLUSTER

Individuals - Sherman et al. (1992)

Individuals - Abrahamse et al. (1991)

Individuals - Klein (1986)

Individuals - Giblin (2002)

Individuals - Berk et al. (1992)

Individuals - Davis & Taylor (1997)

Individuals - Casey et al. (2007)

Individuals - Hovell et al. (2006)

Individuals - Dunford (1990)

Individuals – Knoxville P.D. (2002)

Individuals – Pate & Hamilton (1992)

Individuals – Rose & Hamilton (1970)

Individuals – Sherman & Berk (1984)

Individuals – Dunford (1992)

Individuals – Davis et al. (2007)

Individuals – Fox & Farrington (2015)

Individuals – Worrall & Gaines (2006)

Individuals – Stover et al. (2010)

Individuals – Jolin et al. (1998)

Individuals – Martin & Sherman (1986)

Individuals – Hirschel et al. (1990)

Individuals – Williams-Taylor (2009)

Individuals – Exum et al. (2014)

Individuals – Sherman et. al (1991)

*** INDIVIDUALS - GENERAL/BOTTOM LINE

Individuals – Shapland et al. (2008) (Northumbria – Juveniles)

Individuals – Shapland et al. (2008) (London – Burglary)

Individuals – Sherman et al. (2000) (Juvenile Shoplifting Offenders)

Individuals – Shapland et al. (2008) (London – Robbery)

Individuals – Sherman et al. (2000) (Juvenile Property Offenders)

Individuals – Sherman et al. (2000) (Violent Offenders)

Individuals – Shapland et al. (2008) (Northumbria – Adult Offenders)

Individuals – Sherman et al. (2000) (Drunk Driving)

Individuals – McCold & Wachtel (1998)

Individuals – Cho & Wilke (2010)

*** INDIVIDUALS - HIGHLY PRO/MIDDLE LINE

Individuals – Ennett et al. (1994)

Individuals – Rosenbaum & Hanson (1998)

Individuals – Becker et al. (1992)

Individuals – Esbensen (2002)

Individuals – Sloboda et al. (2009)

Individuals – Esbensen et al. (2012)

Individuals – Clayton et al. (1996)

Individuals – Perry et al. (2003)

Individuals – Ringwalt et al. (1991)

Individuals – Harmon (1993)

*** GROUPS - TOP

Groups – Braga et al. (2001)

Groups – Braga (2008)

Groups – Braga et al. (2008)

Groups – Braga et al. (2014)

Groups – McGarrell et al. (2006)

Groups – Engel et al. (2013)

Groups – Braga et al. (2014)

Groups – Cahill et al. (2008)

Groups – Fritsch et al. (1999) Aggressive curfew

*** GROUPS - BOTTOM

Groups – Fritsch et al. (1999) Saturation patrol

Groups – Bynum & Varano (2003)

*** MICRO PLACES - TOP- UPPER TOP

Micro Places – Mazerolle, Price et al. (2000)

Micro Places – Groff et al. (2015) (Problem-Oriented Policing)

Micro Places – Weisburd & Green (1995)

Micro Places – Buerger (1994)

Micro Places – Taylor et al. (2011) (POP)

Micro Places – Eck & Wartell (1998)

Micro Places – Hope (1994)

Micro Places – Braga et al. (2012)

Micro Places – Kochel et al. (2015) Problem solving

Micro Places – Armitage & Monchuk (2011)

Micro Places – Baker & Wolfer (2003)

Micro Places – Braga et al. (1999)

*** MICRO PLACES - TOP- BOTTOM TOP

Micro Places – Kennedy et al. (2015) Colorado Springs

Micro Places – White & Katz (2013)

Micro Places – Koper et al. (2013)

Micro Places – Bichler et al. (2013)

Micro Places – Braga & Bond (2008)

Micro Places – Sherman & Rogan (1995)

Micro Places – Kennedy et al. (2015) Kansas City

Micro Places – Kennedy et al. (2015) Glendale

Micro Places – Corsaro et al. (2012)

Micro Places – Groff et al. (2015) (Offender Focused)

Micro Places – Kennedy et al. (2015) Newark

Micro Places – Rosenfeld et al. (2014) (Directed patrol + enforcement)

*** MICRO PLACES - MIDDLE - FOCUSED 

Micro Places – Santos & Santos (2015)

*** MICRO PLACES - BOTTOM 

Micro Places – Di Tella & Schargrodsky (2004)

Micro Places – Weisburd et al. (2015) Hot spots

Micro Places – Piza et al. (2015)

Micro Places – Weisburd et al. (2012)

Micro Places – Mohler et al. (2015)

Micro Places – Kochel et al. (2015) Directed patrol

Micro Places – Lawton et al. (2005)

Micro Places – Piza & O’Hara (2014)

Micro Places – Rosenfeld et al. (2014) (Directed patrol only)

Micro Places – Weiss & Freels (1996)

Micro Places – Groff et al. (2015) (Foot patrol)

Micro Places – Lum et al. (2010)

Micro Places – Sherman & Weisburd (1995)

Micro Places – Chaiken et al. (1975)

Micro Places – Jim et al. (2006)

Micro Places – Ratcliffe et al. (2011)

Micro Places – La Vigne et al. (2011) Chicago

Micro Places – Taylor et al. (2011) (Directed patrol)

Micro Places – La Vigne et al. (2011)

Micro Places – Bryant et al. (2015)

Micro Places – Koper et al. (2015)

Micro Places – Novak et al. (2016)

Micro Places: Hegarty et al. (2014)

Micro Places: Hegarty et al. (2014)

Micro Places – Novak et al. (2016)

***NEIGHBORHOOD - TOP- UPPER CIRCLE 

Neighborhood – Laycock (1991)

Neighborhood – Papachristos et al. (2007)

Neighborhood – Skogan et al. (1995)

Neighborhood – Weisburd et al. (2008)

Neighborhood – Giacomazzi (1995)

Neighborhood – Lindsay & McGillis (1986)

***NEIGHBORHOOD - TOP- BOTTOM CIRCLE 

Neighborhood – Berk & MacDonald (2010)

Neighborhood – Nunn et al. (2006)

Neighborhood – Novak et al. (1999)

Neighborhood – Clapp et al. (2005)

Neighborhood – Josi et al. (2000)

Neighborhood – McCabe (2009)

Neighborhood – Sviridoff et al. (1992)

Neighborhood – Sherman et al. (1995)

Neighborhood – Krimmel & Mele (1998)

Neighborhood – Tita et al. (2003)

Neighborhood – Koper et al. (2010)

Neighborhood – Bynum et al. (2014)

Neighborhood – Uchida & Swatt (2013)

Neighborhood – Hunt et al. (2014)

Neighborhood – Pace (2010)

Neighborhood – Azrael et al. (2013)

***NEIGHBORHOOD - BOTTOM- REACTIVE

Neighborhood – Police Foundation (1981)

Neighborhood – Barthe & Stitt (2011)

Neighborhood – Press (1971)

Neighborhood – Kelling et al. (1974)

***NEIGHBORHOOD - BOTTOM- PRO ACTIVE

Neighborhood – Trojanowicz (1986)

Neighborhood – Roman et al. (2005)

Neighborhood – Pate et al. (1985) (Newark)

Neighborhood – Jang et al. (2012)

Neighborhood – Smith (2001)

Neighborhood – Pate et al. (1985b)

Neighborhood – Pate et al. (1985a)

Neighborhood – Connell et al. (2008)

Neighborhood – Boydstun (1975)

Neighborhood – Caeti (1999)

Neighborhood – Cohen & Ludwig (2003)

Neighborhood – Mazerolle et al. (2003)

Neighborhood – McGarrell et al. (2001)

Neighborhood – Weisburd et al. (2015) – Beat level

Neighborhood – Pate et al. (1985) (Houston)

***NEIGHBORHOOD - BOTTOM- HIGHLY PRO 

Neighborhood – Bennett (1990)

Neighborhood – Wycoff et al. (1985)

Neighborhood – Tuffin et al. (2006)

Neighborhood – Wycoff & Skogan (1993)

Neighborhood – Pate et al. (1987)

***JURISDICTION - TOP

Jurisdiction – Lilley (2015)

Jurisdiction – McGarrell et al. (2012)

Jurisdiction – Fell et al. (2005)

Jurisdiction – White et al. (2003)

Jurisdiction – Villaveces et al. (2000)

Jurisdiction – Malm & Tita (2006)

Jurisdiction – Florence et al. (2011)

Jurisdiction – McGarrell et al. (2010)

***META Enlarge indivi-nation/state

***META Y, X, Z

***META RESULTS KEY

Backfire (Harmful)

Mixed Effects

Effective

No Evidence of Effect