Micro Places – Ariel et al. (2016)
Hot spot policing by community support officers (non-sworn police employees) led to significant reductions in crime and calls for service
Micro Places – Ariel et al. (2020)
London Underground hotspot platforms receiving directed foot patrol experienced significantly fewer calls for service compared to a no-treatment control group
Micro Places – Baker & Wolfer (2003)
Problem-oriented policing project in a park reduces fear and perceptions of drug use and vandalism
Micro Places – Basford et al. (2021)
One-a-day foot patrols of 15-20 minutes significantly reduced community violence and crime harm
Micro Places – Bichler et al. (2013)
Problem-oriented policing, focusing on outreach to motel owners and operators, code enforcement, and permit ordinance to increase pressure on uncooperative motel operators
Micro Places – Bond et al. (2014)
Problem-oriented policing directed at property crime hot spots led to significant decreases in various forms of larceny, burglary, and theft
Micro Places – Braga & Bond (2008)
Focus on hot spots of crime leads to reductions in crime and disorder calls for service
Micro Places – Braga et al. (1999)
Problem-oriented policing in violent crime hot spots leads to reductions in violent and property crime, disorder and drug selling
Micro Places – Braga et al. (2012)
Safe Street Team problem-oriented policing project associated with a reduction in violent index crimes at treatment hot spots relative to comparison places
Micro Places – Bryant et al. (2015)
Data-Driven Approaches to Crime and Traffic Safety (DDACTS) produced statistically significant decreases in robberies, commercial burglaries, and vehicle crashes
Micro Places – Caplan et al. (2021)
Risk-based policing initiative led to significantly lower violent crimes compared to comparison areas
Micro Places – Chaiken et al. (1975)
Increased police on the New York Subways at night led to reduced crime
Micro Places – Chainey et al. (2021)
Hotspot policing initiative led to significant decrease in robbery rates
Micro Places – Di Tella & Schargrodsky (2004)
Blocks that received extra police protection experienced significantly fewer car thefts than the rest of the neighborhoods.
Micro Places – Eck & Wartell (1998)
Property managers who have a meeting with police and threat of nuisance abatement report less crime, receiving letter somewhat effective in reducing crime
Micro Places – Gibson et al. (2017)
Targeted hot spot patrols led to a reduction in crime despite an overall decrease in dosage
Micro Places – Gómez et al. (2021)
Public surveillance cameras reduced property and violent crimes, with no evidence of crime displacement
Micro Places – Groff et al. (2015) (Offender Focused)
An approach focusing on known offenders led to a reduction in violent crime and violent felonies
Micro Places – Hope (1994)
Case studies of problem-oriented policing and drug-market locations. Forced closure or sale of property reduced drug dealing
Micro Places – Jim et al. (2006)
Community-oriented policing in a retail shopping center led to reduced perception of gang activity and fear of crime
Micro Places – Kennedy et al. (2015) Colorado Springs
Allocating police resources to high-risk areas, derived from risk terrain modeling (RTM) reduced crime in target areas
Micro Places – Kennedy et al. (2015) Glendale
Allocating police resources to high-risk areas, derived from risk terrain modeling (RTM) reduced crime in target areas
Micro Places – Kennedy et al. (2015) Kansas City
Allocating police resources to high-risk areas, derived from risk terrain modeling (RTM) reduced crime in target areas
Micro Places – Kennedy et al. (2015) Newark
Allocating police resources to high-risk areas, derived from risk terrain modeling (RTM) reduced crime in target areas
Micro Places – Kochel et al. (2015) Directed patrol
Directed patrol led to reduction in calls for service
Micro Places – Kochel et al. (2015) Problem solving
Problem-oriented policing led to reduction in calls for service
Micro Places – Koper et al. (2021)
Hot spot policing intervention led to significant reduction in every crime category studied.
Micro Places – Lawton et al. (2005)
Police officers on drug corners in Philadelphia were associated with significant localized intervention impacts for both violent and drug crimes.
Micro Places – Mazeika (2014)
Crackdown intervention focusing on saturation patrol and enforcement activity led to significant decreases in robberies during the intervention period
Micro Places – Mazerolle, Price et al. (2000)
The use of civil remedies and third party policing associated with reduced drug crime, especially in residential locations
Micro Places – Mohler et al. (2015)
Predictive policing models led to reduction in crime
Micro Places – Munyo & Rossi (2020)
Police-monitored surveillance cameras reduced outdoor crimes such as robbery and theft
Micro Places – Piza et al. (2015)
CCTV increased identification of criminal activity and a reduction of crime
Micro Places – Potts (2020)
Use of patrol car lights was associated with a reduction in auto thefts
Micro Places – Ratcliffe et al. (2011)
Foot patrol associated with a significant decrease in crime in hot spots that reach a threshold level of pre-intervention violence
Micro Places – Santos & Santos (2015)
Micro-time hot spots approach reduced theft from vehicles
Micro Places – Santos & Santos (2021)
Directed patrols in micro-time hot spots reduced residential burglary and theft from vehicles
Micro Places – Sherman & Weisburd (1995)
Substantial increases in police patrol associated with reduction in total crime calls and more significant reduction in disorder at high crime hot spots
Micro Places – Taylor et al. (2011) (POP)
Substantial increases in police patrol associated with reduction in total crime calls and more significant reduction in disorder at high crime hot spots
Micro Places – Telep et al. (2014)
Spending approximately 15 minutes at treatment hot spots reduced calls for service and crime incidents.
Micro Places – Weisburd & Green (1995)
Crackdowns on drug hot spots reduced disorder; no effects on violence or property crime
Micro Places – Weisburd et al. (2015) Hot spots
Treatment patrol areas drawn from automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems experienced significant increases in unallocated patrol time and a decrease in crime
Micro Places – White & Katz (2013)
Problem-oriented policing at convenience store locations led to a 40% decline in calls for service at target stores.
Micro Places – Williams & Coupe (2017)
15-minute police patrols were associated with significant reductions in crime and anti-social behavior calls for service, relative to 5-minute patrols
Micro Places – Ariel & Partridge (2017)
Hot spots policing at high-crime bus stops was associated with a significant reduction in driver incident reports but also a significant increase in victim-generated crime
Micro Places – Armitage & Monchuk (2011)
Secured by Design (SBD) program to encourage builders to design out crime shows effectiveness in street-level comparisons but not when comparing SBD developments to non-SBD developments
Micro Places – Blattman et al. (2021)
Combination of hot spots policing and municipal services led to significant crime reductions that were offset by larger displacement effects
Micro Places – Bryson (2019)
Increased police patrols within hot spots led to reductions in high priority calls for service; Mixed results, however, were found for other offense types
Micro Places – Carson & Wellman (2018)
POP intervention to combat crime in a multifamily, low-income apartment complex produced inconsistent effects on reported crime and calls for service across crime types
Micro Places – Carter et al. (2021)
Place-based policing led to significant reductions in violent crime and non-significant decreases in property crime and drug overdoses
Micro Places – Chainey (2022)
The distribution of forensic property marking kits significantly reduced burglaries during a six-month follow-up period.
Micro Places – Chainey et al. (2023)
Hotspot policing led to significant reduction in robberies and thefts, but no significant effects were found for assaults or vehicle crime
Micro Places – Circo & McGarrell (2021)
The installment of hundreds of high definition CCTV cameras had mixed effects on property crimes and no significant impact on violent crime.
Micro Places – Cohen et al. (2003)
Police raids on nuisance bars suppressed drug activity around those bars during the raids, with effects vanishing afterwards.
Micro Places – Collazos et al. (2021)
Hotspot policing led to a significant reduction in reported car thefts, but no change in motorbike thefts, personal robberies, homicides, or assaults.
Micro Places – Gill et al. (2018)
POP intervention led to significant decreases in crime and calls for service in one targeted hot spot but did not significantly affect these outcomes in another
Micro Places – Koper et al. (2013)
Short-term patrols with LPR devices reduced different crimes depending on how the LPRs were used
Micro Places – Koper et al. (2015)
Crime declined in hot spots that received higher levels of dosage, but greater use of mobile computing technology at hot spots did not enhance outcomes
Micro Places – Koper et al. (2022)
Hot spot patrols with license plate readers increased stolen vehicle recovery, however, it did not lead to a crime reduction.
Micro Places – La Vigne et al. (2011) Baltimore
Police monitored CCTV cameras reduce crime in one Baltimore site, but not the other
Micro Places – La Vigne et al. (2011) Chicago
Police monitored CCTV cameras reduce crime in one Chicago site, but not the other
Micro Places – Lai et al. (2019)
Police monitored CCTV cameras reduced robbery incidents in treatment sites but did not significantly impact other types of property crime
Micro Places – Morton, Luengen, & Mazerolle (2019)
Police partnerships with hoteliers to reduce drug and nuisance problems increased police engagement with hoteliers, hotelier reporting of crimes, and increased executed warrants. Effects decayed over time.
Micro Places – Novak et al. (2016)
Foot patrol effect initially reduced violent crime, but this effect soon faded
Micro Places – Piza (2018)
Installation of CCTV cameras led to significant reductions in auto thefts but did not impact theft from auto or violent crime incidents
Micro Places – Piza & O’Hara (2014)
Saturation foot patrol produced reductions in violent crime, with evidence of both temporal and spatial displacement
Micro Places – Robin et al. (2021)
Police-operated CCTV cameras led to increased crime but also improved case clearances
Micro Places – Rosenfeld et al. (2014) (Directed patrol + enforcement)
Directed patrol plus enforcement activities reduced total firearm violence, but produced no change in firearm robberies
Micro Places – Sherman & Rogan (1995)
Crack house raids reduced crime for about 12 days; crime reductions decayed quickly
Micro Places – Sherman et al. (1989)
Repeat Call Address Policing (RECAP) had no impact on calls at commercial addresses but reduced calls at residential addresses
Micro Places – Stephenson (2017)
Saturation patrol within hot spots did not reduce crime or calls for service overall, but effects varied across targeted locations
Micro Places – Weisburd et al. (2021)
Assets Coming Together (ACT) program showed no difference in criminal incidents, but after adjusting for increased calls for service, it showed a significant reduction in crime
Micro Places – Wheeler & Phillips (2018)
Combination of automatic license plate readers and temporary roadblocks was associated with crime declines in some analyses and crime increases in others
Micro Places: Groff & Taniguchi (2019)
Citizen burglary notifications in high-risk areas did not reduce burglary in either of the two counties where it was tested but did produce a significant reduction when data from both counties was combined
Micro Places: Hegarty et al. (2014)
Hot spots policing design using both visibility and visibility/activity, both of which reduced crimes and calls for service.
Micro Places – Bennett et al. (2017)
Mobile police van employing elements of hot spots policing and procedural justice did not significantly impact reported crime or community perceptions of police
Micro Places – Buerger (1994)
Problem-oriented policing in high crime addresses leads difference in calls for service in commercial treatment vs. control addresses, but small decline in residential calls in treatment area
Micro Places – Gerell (2016)
Actively monitored CCTV intervention did not significantly impact violent crime
Micro Places – Groff et al. (2015) (Foot patrol)
Foot patrol did not lead to reduction in violent crime
Micro Places – Groff et al. (2015) (Problem-Oriented Policing)
Problem-oriented policing did not lead to a reduction in violent crime, however likely due to weak implementation
Micro Places – Hunt et al. (2014)
Predictive policing found no statistical difference in property crime
Micro Places – Kyvsgaard et al. (2022)
Property marking program failed to reduce home burglaries
Micro Places – Lum et al. (2010)
Use of license plate readers mounted on patrol cars in auto theft hot spot areas not associated with declines in auto crime or crime generally in two jurisdictions
Micro Places – Phillips et al. (2016)
Targeted police raids within drug and violent crime hot spots did not significantly impact Part I crime
Micro Places – Ratcliffe et al. (2021)
The use of predictive policing software to target hot spots with police activity did not lead to significant reductions in violent or property crime
Micro Places – Rosenfeld et al. (2014) (Directed patrol only)
The directed patrol intervention had no significant impact on any of the outcome measures.
Micro Places – Santos & Santos (2016)
Offender-focused intervention within residential and property crime hot spots did not significantly impact overall crime or hot spot arrests
Micro Places – Schaefer et al. (2019)
Directed patrol at both city and suburban hot spots did not impact crime incidents or calls for service
Micro Places – Taylor et al. (2011) (Directed patrol)
Saturation/directed patrol in hot spots not associated with a significant decline in crime in the post-intervention period
Micro Places – Weisburd et al. (2012)
Broken windows policing had no evidence of an effect in calls for service
Micro Places – Devlin & Gottfredson (2018)
Schools with resources officers associated with significantly higher rates of both recorded and reported crime
Micro Places – Sorg (2015)
GunStat program did not reduce violent crime during treatment period and was associated with significantly higher levels of gun crime during post-treatment period