Neighborhood – Azrael et al. (2013)
District-level homicide review process led to decrease in monthly homicide counts
Neighborhood – Barthe & Stitt (2011)
Increased patrol presence in an area following an abduction/homicide associated with declines in person and property calls in target area relative to comparison site
Neighborhood – Berk & MacDonald (2010)
Broken windows approach to deal with homeless encampments associated with meaningful reduction in violent, property, and nuisance crimes
Neighborhood – Bland et al. (2021)
15-minutes foot patrols were associated with a significant reduction in violent crime
Neighborhood – Boydstun (1975)
More field interrogations associated with fewer outdoor crimes
Neighborhood – Bynum et al. (2014)
Comprehensive approach to reduce gun violence led to significant success
Neighborhood – Caeti (1999)
Beats in which police used hot spots and zero tolerance had greater crime reductions than those in which police used POP and increased visibility
Neighborhood – Cid (2019)
Saturation patrol program that increased police presence in high-crime areas led to reduction in robberies
Neighborhood – Clapp et al. (2005)
DUI prevention program and increased law enforcement led to decrease in self-reported DUI at the target university, whereas rates at the comparison campus remained stable.
Neighborhood – Cohen & Ludwig (2003)
Targeted patrol against gun crime reduced shots fired by up to 34% and gun-related assault injuries by up to 71% on days the program was in action
Neighborhood – Connell et al. (2008)
Officer-initiated community policing program associated with a significant reduction in violent and property crimes in the targeted area, butnot in comparable areas in the county
Neighborhood – Corsaro et al. (2012)
Pulling levers intervention: Identification of drug and violence hot spots followed by notification and resource delivery to individuals convicted of nonviolent nonfelony crimes
Neighborhood – García et al. (2013)
Reform initiative that combined community and problem-oriented policing elements led to significant reductions in several types of crime, including homicides and brawls.
Neighborhood – Koper et al. (2016)
Multi-agency partnership focused on enforcement, prosecution, and community improvement associated with reduction in crime and violence
Neighborhood – Krimmel & Mele (1998)
Targeting stolen vehicle dump sites leads to reduced auto theft
Neighborhood – Lancashire Constabulary (2008)
Problem-oriented policing with the SARA model reduced crime and calls for service without displacing crime to adjacent areas
Neighborhood – Lasley (1998)
Street closures associated with drop in violent crime drops, but not property crime using two year time-series
Neighborhood – Laycock (1991)
Burglary declines 62 percent after door-to-door visits to gain community intelligence and increase property marking
Neighborhood – Lindsay & McGillis (1986)
Burglary reduced for 18 months after initiation of community policing and neighborhood watch program
Neighborhood – MacDonald et al. (2016)
Increased patrol presence using private police led to significant crime reductions ranging from 43-73%
Neighborhood – Mazerolle et al. (2003) [Neighborhood Beat Model]
Neighborhood beat policing was associated with a reduction in overall neighborhood crime rates and a reduction in calls for police service over a long period.
Neighborhood – McGarrell et al. (1999)
Community crime prevention program leads to overall decrease in crime and increase in resident quality of life
Neighborhood – McGarrell et al. (2001) [Targeted Offender Approach]
Targeted offender approach involving pedestrian and traffic stops of suspicious individuals and home visits led to a reduction in firearm-related violence.
Neighborhood – McGarrell et al. (2015)
Violence reduction task force employing targeted patrol and enforcement at violent gangs and areas led to a significant decline in gun crime in treatment precincts relative to control
Neighborhood – Papachristos et al. (2007)
Group of Project Safe Neighborhoods initiatives associated with greater declines in homicide in the treatment neighborhoods compared to control neighborhoods
Neighborhood – Pate et al. (1985b)
Program to increase the quantity and quality of police-citizen contacts and to reduce disorder was successful in improving evaluations of police service and in reducing perceived levels of social disorder
Neighborhood – Press (1971)
Police manpower increased by 40 percent in one precinct and outdoor crimes decreased compared to control precinct
Neighborhood – Robin et al. (2020)
Community Safety Partnership (CSP) reduced property crimes, overall crime rates, and calls for service in public housing developments
Neighborhood – Saunders et al. (2017) [Roanoke, VA]
Drug Market Initiative (DMI) in Roanoke, Virginia significantly reduced total and property crimes in one neighborhood and violent crimes in another neighborhood
Neighborhood – Sherman et al. (1995)
Directed patrol to increase gun detection leads to significant increase in gun seizures and decline in gun-related crime.
Neighborhood – Skogan et al. (1995)
After 18 monthly police-community meetings, reductions in some crimes and victimization using some measures but not others
Neighborhood – Smith (2001)
92 percent reduction in crime in the target area during a crackdown. Crime reduction persisted in some parts of the neighborhood 6 months later
Neighborhood – Tita et al. (2003)
Violence declined during and after the pulling levers intervention
Neighborhood – Tuffin et al. (2006)
POP program resulted in positive changes in crime, perceptions of antisocial behavior, and feelings of safety after dark.
Neighborhood – Uchida & Swatt (2013) [Chronic Location and Offender Components]
Targeting violent repeat offenders in specific target areas found successful intervention when mixed hot spots patrol with focused offender tactics.
Neighborhood – Weisburd et al. (2020)
Problem-oriented policing reduced property crime without crime displacement
Neighborhood – Wycoff et al. (1985)
Door-to-door police visits associated with reduced victimization
Neighborhood – Johnson et al. (2017)
Target hardening in burglary-hit neighborhoods creates modest prevention effects in some places
Neighborhood – Banerjee et al. (2019)
Rotating sobriety checkpoints led to significant decreases in nighttime traffic crashes and deaths. However, there was some evidence to suggest that daytime crashes increased in these areas as well
Neighborhood – Bilach et al. (2020)
"Summer All Out" foot patrol initiative led to a small reduction in property crime but had no significant impact on the remaining crimes studied.
Neighborhood – Blair et al. (2022)
A program enhancing coordination among local and state agencies led to significant reductions in unresolved and violent disputes at the community level, but not at the household level.
Neighborhood – Bogliaccini et al. (2022)
Police raids conducted in high-crime neighborhoods did not significantly impact violent crimes and had mixed effects on robberies.
Neighborhood – Braakman (2022)
Stop and search operations did not significantly reduce drug offenses, weapon offenses, and violent crime, but did significantly decrease anti-social behavior, criminal damage, and public order offenses.
Neighborhood – Heaton et al. (2016)
Privately funded police force was associated with long-term, but not short-term, reductions in overall violent crime. No effect was observed for property crime or violent crime committed in public spaces
Neighborhood – Jang et al. (2012)
Hot spots policing with numerous traffic stops and field interviews reduced violent, property, and disorder offenses during periods of police presence
Neighborhood – Josi et al. (2000)
Larceny and burglary drop in beats with increased traffic stops compared to routine patrol
Neighborhood – MacDonald et al. (2016)
Investigatory stops directed at impact zones significantly reduced reported crime. However, this effect was limited to probable cause stops, and stops based on general suspicion were not associated with a crime reduction effect
Neighborhood – McCabe (2009)
One of two narcotics enforcement initiatives was successful in reducing crime
Neighborhood – Nunn et al. (2006)
Covert drug trafficking interdiction associated with an overall crime decline in target area, but an increase in drug-related calls for service
Neighborhood – Pate et al. (1985a)
Proactive disorder arrests associated with significant reductions in total Part I crimes, personal crimes, and burglary.
Neighborhood – Piza et al. (2020)
Opening a police substation with increased police presence led to a decrease in burglary and motor vehicle theft but displaced robbery and auto theft incidents
Neighborhood – Rydberg et al. (2018)
Directed traffic patrol intervention to reduce violent crime was associated with both significant increases and decreases in violent crime depending on the control area used
Neighborhood – Sedelmaier & Hipple (2016)
Data-driven foot patrol intervention with elements of POP was associated with decreases in crime in treatment areas, but similar decreases were observed in control areas
Neighborhood – Stone (1993)
Problem-oriented policing reduced violent crime and drug arrests but had mixed results by site
Neighborhood – Beck (2010)
DDACTS intervention did not lead to significant changes in crime incidents, calls for service, or traffic accidents
Neighborhood – Beck et al. (2022)
Neighborhood policing initiative had no significant impact on violent and property crime.
Neighborhood – Bennett (1990)
Lower socioeconomic status areas that tended to be higher in crime had less surveillance and less effective neighborhood watch programs
Neighborhood – Blair et al. (2021)
Community policing strategies did not reduce crime and victimization.
Neighborhood – Boyle et al. (2010)
Operation Ceasefire did not reduce gun violence as measured by gunshot wound admissions to the local trauma hospital.
Neighborhood – Guseynov (2010)
Initiative that concentrated resources and problem-solving activities on crime-prone areas did not have significant effects on crime.
Neighborhood – Kelling et al. (1974)
No difference in crime by beat based on the number of police cars assigned to random patrol.
Neighborhood – Mares & Blackburn (2021)
Acoustic Gunshot Detection System (AGDS) did not lead to crime reduction
Neighborhood – Mazerolle et al. (2003) [Shopfront Model]
The establishment of a police office in a community hub (e.g., shopping center, mall) did not lead to decreases in reported crime.
Neighborhood – McGarrell et al. (2001) [Directed Patrol]
General deterrence approach to directed police patrol, which focused on maximizing vehicle stops and enforcing traffic violations, did not reduce violent crime.
Neighborhood – Novak et al. (1999)
No decline in burglary or robbery following proactive disorder enforcement
Neighborhood – Pace (2010)
Order maintenance unit had no effect on offenses
Neighborhood – Pate et al. (1985) (Houston)
Monthly newsletter with crime data failed to reduce victimizations of recipients
Neighborhood – Pate et al. (1985) (Newark)
Monthly newsletter with crime data failed to reduce victimizations of recipients
Neighborhood – Pate et al. (1987)
Community block watch has no impact on crime
Neighborhood – Police Foundation (1981)
No difference in crime by number of foot patrol officers assigned
Neighborhood – Saunders et al. (2017) [Flint, MI]
Drug Market Initiative (DMI) in Flint, Michigan, showed no significant differences in crime rates compared to control areas
Neighborhood – Saunders et al. (2017) [Guntersville, AL]
Drug Market Initiative (DMI) in Guntersville, Alabama, showed no significant differences in crime rates compared to control areas
Neighborhood – Saunders et al. (2017) [Montgomery, MD]
Drug Market Initiative (DMI) in Montgomery County, Maryland showed no significant differences in crime rates compared to control areas
Neighborhood – Sviridoff et al. (1992)
Crackdown on crack market, but no change in violent crime rate
Neighborhood – Tebes & Fagan (2022)
Significant reductions in stops and frisks did not increase felonies or violent misdemeanors while decreasing non-violent misdemeanors and reducing high school dropout rates
Neighborhood – Weisburd et al. (2008)
Risk-focused policing program targeting juvenile risk factors has no influence on self-reported delinquency
Neighborhood – Weisburd et al. (2015) – Beat level
Knowledge of where police officers patrolled did not affect directed patrol at the beat level
Neighborhood – Weiss & Freels (1996)
Aggressive traffic law enforcement had no impact on robbery or auto theft rates.
Neighborhood – Wycoff & Skogan (1993)
No decrease in victimization after increase in police-community meetings in target district